Open burning of plastics is common in India, which is known to cause health effects and deteriorate the air quality. Burning plastics generates huge amounts of particulate matter, especially in the fine range (PM2.5) which are toxic, causing respiratory and cardiovascular problems. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Huge amounts of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFR) are found associated with particulate matter and charred residue while plastic burning. The EPFRs are known to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo when inhaled. These ROS are capable of depleting the antioxidants in the lung lining fluid, causing oxidative stress in the human body. The study aims to identify the various reactive oxygen and chlorine species, affecting public health and their production rates in both the aqueous phase and surrogate lung fluid. The PM toxicity can be estimated using oxidative potential (OP) measurements, using assays such as Dithiothreitol (DTT). Modelling studies in conjunction with experimental results give a better understanding of the health effects of inhaling the fine particulate matter generated from plastic burning. The study intends to bring the first insights into the health effects of inhalation of particulate matter from plastic burning, which will help in the better management of these pollutants and implementation of strict regulations in the country.