Traffic signals facilitate efficient and safe crossing of traffic streams by cyclically allocating a time for the conflicting traffic streams to cross the intersection. Thus, proper timing of these traffic signals plays a vital role in the smooth and safe movement of vehicles in areas, where the frequent crossing of roads occur, such as in urban arterials. Though a significant amount of research has been carried out in the field of traffic signal control, such studies focusing on the challenges arising due to the characteristic features of Heterogeneous Less-Lane Disciplined (HLLD) traffic conditions prevalent in many East Asian countries are limited. The traffic signal timing and control guidelines used in most of the countries with HLLD traffic conditions, including India, are direct adaptations of the methods developed for homogeneous traffic conditions. A study focusing on developing signal control strategies for HLLD traffic considering the characteristic features of such traffic conditions is lacking. This research will focus on developing an optimal delay based signal control strategy for HLLD traffic conditions by relaxing the underlying assumptions in conventional models which are violated under HLLD traffic conditions. The study will propose a theoretical delay model in addition to a real-time delay estimation framework. The theoretical delay model would be used to develop a fixed time signal control strategy by finding optimal signal timings, which would result in a minimum average delay with minimal variation. As fixed time signals lack the ability to adapt to the dynamic nature of traffic demand, a real-time signal control strategy would also be developed based on the real-time delay estimation framework. A stochastic optimisation algorithm would be used to arrive at the optimal control strategy to handle the stochasticity in the traffic variables.