The study explicates the nature of the interaction between the State and Environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (ENGOs) and the role of new media in the context of increasing efforts to securitize the environmental sector in the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). Based on the theoretical framework of the Copenhagen School of securitization in International Relations, this study identifies the State as a securitizing actor and environmental NGOs and new media as functional actors that support top-down securitization process from the party-state. In this, the strategies adopted by the party-state are significantly important to examine their attitude towards an impending ecological crisis. These strategies primarily depend on the rule by law contrary to the rule of law. Exponential discriminative snowball sampling is employed to identify respondents to conduct interviews and surveys during the fieldwork of thirteen months in China; the anti-Para-xylene protest in Xiamen city in Fujian Province (2007) was selected as an idiographic case study to examine what kinds of structures are emerging and how they influence the environmental decision-making processes in China. Historical analysis of the politics of ecology in the PRC reveals the adaptability of the party-state dual governance structure to transform itself as the agent of securitization of the environmental sector. Other core chapters of the thesis examine, primarily, the underlying dynamics in the whole process of greening the state and society through the top-down process of securitization, the contributions of ENGOs and new media activism in pluralizing the environmental decision-making processes, and the implications for state-society relations when the State securitizes the environmental sector in China. Importantly, dialogic space between an individual and the State widens, and new structures of interaction occupy this vacuum, thereby paving the way for new forms of deliberative-communicative mechanism.