This study critically examines the nature, function, and emergence of consciousness from epistemological, metaphysical, logical, and cognitive science perspectives. It illustrates the notion of consciousness and free will from behaviourists’ and functionalists’ standpoints. It addresses the following important questions; who experiences an experience? How does an experiencer know that he/she experiences? What causes ‘I’ feeling in a person (an agent)? Do neurochemical mechanisms of a person’s brain create the ‘I’ feeling in him/her?, How are ‘agency’ and ‘agent’ related to voluntary actions? What is ‘body ownership’? Is free will a bodily act? What is the role of free will in decision-making process? Does free will reside in the soul (self) of an agent? Does consciousness assist in recognising own-self and other selves? To answer these questions, the study adopted qualitative methodology that embraces theoretical, developmental, evaluative, and interpretive data. Crick and Koch (2004) mentioned that “the explanation of consciousness is one of the major unsolved problems of modern science. After several thousand years of speculation it would be gratifying to find an answer to it” (p. 273). Neuroscientists use brain imaging techniques, encephalography, radioactive tracer dyes, clinical diagnostic tests, cognitive and artificial intelligence experiments (Menon, 2014) to study the emergence and nature of consciousness and related issues. But till date the experimental results have not given a satisfactory and convincing answer about from which part of a body or brain consciousness emerges? The study critically examines neuroscientists’ findings on ‘consciousness’ and behaviourists’ explanations on nature and function of consciousness