Distillery industries produce ethanol by fermentation of complex carbohydrate sources like sugarcane molasses, beet, corn, etc.In India, the major source for ethanol production is via molasses. One tonne of sugarcane yields around 70 L of ethanol.India is producing over 4.5 billion liters of ethanol from around 330 distilleries.On an average, 15 L of distillery wastewater (DWW) is generated per liter of alcohol produced.Distillery industries are considered as one of the top 17 most polluting industries in India and they are categorized under the red category of polluting industries. CPCB has imposed zero liquid discharge (ZLD) on industries; therefore, stringent regulation has been applied on DWW treatment. The COD of distillery effluent is around 160 g/L with a thick dark brown colour around 160000 Pt-Co units. The dark colour is due to the presence of melanoidin (around 20 g/L), which is a recalcitrant and refractory compound. The commonly used strategy for DWW treatment is anaerobic digestion (AD) followed by reverse osmosis (RO). The hydraulic retention time (HRT) for anaerobic reactors is between 45-60 days. For 1 MLD of DWW generated, the AD volume required will be around 44000–60000 m3. Moreover, recalcitrant melanoidin is found to be resistant tobiological degradation. Therefore, the sludge generated after AD and RO is found to be non-biodegradable, recalcitrant and refractory. In order to alleviate this problem, the possibility of advanced oxidation process (AOPs) as pre-treatment for DWW treatment for the solubilization/degradation recalcitrant compounds like melanoidin was investigated in this work. But, AOPs emit carbon dioxide during the mineralisation of organic carbon by oxidation, which increases stress over global warming and climate change. Therefore, biological means of sequestering carbon released as CO2 from AOPs was studied with the help of cyanobacteria and/or microalgae. This seminar will focus on the electrochemical oxidation (EO) of DWW with Titanium-Ruthenium oxide (Ti-RuO2) and the strategies of adopting EO in the process-flow of DWW treatment.Moreover, the past investigations on DWW treatment by various AOPs and carbon sequestration by microalgae will be briefly discussed.